The Anglo-French War (in French: ''Guerre de Guyenne'') was a conflict between 1294–98 and 1300–03 revolved around

Gascony Gascony (; french: Gascogne ; oc, Gasconha ; eu, Gaskoinia) was a province of the southwestern Kingdom of France that succeeded the Duchy of Gascony (602–1453). From the 17th century until the French Revolution (1789–1799), it was part o ...

. The

Treaty of Paris (1303) The Treaty of Paris ended the Anglo-French War of 1294–1303, and was signed on 20 May 1303 between Philip IV of France and Edward I of England. Based on the terms of the treaty, Gascony was restored to England from France following its occupat ...

ended the conflict.

Aquitaine & Gascony

Serious conflict was precipitated in 1293, when clashes between French and English seamen caused

Philip IV of France Philip IV (April–June 1268 – 29 November 1314), called Philip the Fair (french: Philippe le Bel), was King of France from 1285 to 1314. By virtue of his marriage with Joan I of Navarre, he was also King of Navarre as Philip I from 12 ...

to summon his vassal to Parlement. When Gascon castles occupied by the French as part of the settlement were not returned to the English on schedule,

Edward I of England Edward I (17/18 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1272 to 1307. Concurrently, he ruled the duchies of Aquitaine and Gascony as a vassa ...

renounced his homage and prepared to fight for

Aquitaine Aquitaine ( , , ; oc, Aquitània ; eu, Akitania; Poitevin-Saintongeais: ''Aguiéne''), archaic Guyenne or Guienne ( oc, Guiana), is a historical region of southwestern France and a former administrative region of the country. Since 1 January ...

. The war that ensued (1294–1303) went in favour of Philip the Fair, whose armies thrust deep into

Flanders

Edward retaliated by allying with Flanders and other northern princes. He launched a campaign in concert with the Count of Flanders in August 1297, but met defeat from a French force led by

Robert II, Count of Artois Robert II (September 1250 – 11 July 1302) was the Count of Artois, the posthumous son and heir of Robert I and Matilda of Brabant. He was a nephew of Louis IX of France. He died at the Battle of the Golden Spurs. Life An experienced soldier, ...

, and during a truce from October 1297 to 1303 the rival monarchs reestablished the status quo ante.

Encyclopædia Britannica The (Latin for "British Encyclopædia") is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia. It is published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.; the company has existed since the 18th century, although it has changed ownership various time ...

France – Foreign relations
/ref> The peace of 1303 carried all a potential for conflict, by returning the duchy to Edward in exchange for homage.The Origins of the Hundred Years War
History Today, John Maddicott, Published in Volume: 36 Issue: 5, 1986 A consequence of this first war was to be the chronic insubordination of Flanders. After the count's surrender and imprisonment, it was left to the Flemish burghers to revolt against the French garrisons, and the French knights suffered a terrible defeat at

Courtrai Kortrijk ( , ; vls, Kortryk or ''Kortrik''; french: Courtrai ; la, Cortoriacum), sometimes known in English as Courtrai or Courtray ( ), is a Belgian city and municipality in the Flemish province of West Flanders. It is the capital and larges ...

in July 1302. Thereafter the tide turned. But it was only in 1305 that a settlement satisfactory to the king could be reached.

Aftermath

At a time when warfare was placing an unprecedented strain on royal resources, Gascony also supplied manpower. No English king, therefore, could afford to risk a French conquest of Gascony, for too much was at stake. The English Kings as Dukes of Aquitaine owed feudal allegiance to the French King and the conflicting claims of suzerainty and justice were a frequent source of disputes.Ginger M. Lee, "French War of 1294–1303", in Ronald H. Fritze and William Baxter Robison (eds.), ''Historical Dictionary of Late Medieval England, 1272–1485'' (Greenwood, 2002), pp. 215–16 . Given the inconveniences of the feudal relationship it may seem surprising that no wider conflict grew out of the Gascon situation before the 1330s. Yet until that decade the tensions arising from the English position in Gascony were contained and controlled. The war marked a watershed in relations between the two powers.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anglo-French War (1294-1303) Anglo-French wars Wars involving England Wars involving France 1290s in England 1300s in England 1290s in France 1300s in France England–France relations Conflicts in 1294 Conflicts in 1295 Conflicts in 1296 Conflicts in 1297 Conflicts in 1298 Conflicts in 1300 Conflicts in 1301 Conflicts in 1302 Conflicts in 1303 13th-century military history of the Kingdom of England 14th-century military history of the Kingdom of England